THE EFFECT OF BOMBAX CEIBA PETALS EXTRACT ON SERUM LIPIDS OF WISTAR RAT

CHAPTER ONE 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the study The world is honored with affluent abundance of therapeutic herbs which have incredible role in alleviating pain and suffering of living beings and enhancing the quality of life. Undoubtedly indigenous utilization of plants is limitless, yet it is important to find the pharmaceutically vital constituents for protection against fatal diseases. Presently, 25% of pharmaceuticals being utilized by developed nations have been acquired either from plants or their derivatives (Zahra et al., 2017). Nowadays, herbal products are used much widely, as the herbal products symbolize safety in contrast to the synthetics that are regarded as unsafe to human and environment. Medicinal herbs are as like food, and in many cases, they are indistinguishable from them. They consist of wide range of different nutritional and therapeutic constituents like Vitamins, minerals, trace elements as well as active ingredients with a variety of medicinal actions. These include volatile oils, tannins, mucilage, alkaloids, bitters and flavonoids ( Chaudan et al., 2015) Bombax ceiba is commonly known as silk cotton tree and semal which belongs to family Bombacaceae. Bombax ceiba is an important medicinal plant of tropical and subtropical India. Its medicinal usage has been reported in the traditional systems of medicine such as Ayurveda, Siddha and Unani. It has wide range of medicinal and pharmacological application. It is used in tradition system of medicine and exhibits diuretic, dysenteric, emetic, diarrhoeal, Wounds, Acne, skin blemish and pigmentation, Cold and cough. It has many pharmacological activities like Invitro anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, anti-obesity, hypotensive, antioxidant, antiangiogenic, antimicrobial, cytotoxicity, aphrodisiac and antipyretic ( Sara et al., 2022). Its roots and flowers are regarded as having diuretic, laxative, tonic and restorative properties, while the leaves are reported to have application in the treatment of skin eruptions. The tender bark is used as famine food, demulcent, emetic and tonic, and its aqueous extract mixed with curd to check blood dysentery (Jain and Verma, 2014). A variety of chemical components has been reported in B. ceiba. Ceibanaphthaquinone, isohemigossylic acid lactone-2-methyl ether, anthocyanin, shamimicin, lupeol, quercetin, hentriacontane, 7-hydroxycadalene, quercetin, rutin, quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, vicenin, fraxetin, quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucurono-pyranoside, sexangularetin-3-O-sophoroside, vitexin, isovitexin, kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside, kaemp-ferol- 3-O-β-D-glucuronopyranoside, scopolin, iso-mangiferin, mangiferin, 7-O-methyl mangiferin, esculetin, scopoletin, blumenol C glucopyranoside, benzyl-β- D-glucopyranoside, phenylethyl rutinoside, protocatechuic acid, chlorogenic acid, methyl chlorogenate and vanillic acid have been the primary components present in plant - particularly; root, bark, stem, and flower ( Manish et al., 2017 ) Hyperlipidemia is a condition that incorporates various genetic and acquired disorders that describe elevated lipid levels within the human body. Hyperlipidemia is extremely common, especially in the Western hemisphere, but also throughout the world. Alternatively, a more objective definition describes hyperlipidemia as low-density lipoprotein (LDL), total cholesterol, triglyceride levels, or lipoprotein levels greater than the 90th percentile in comparison to the general population, or an HDL level less than the 10th percentile when compared to the general population (Ezekiel, 2023) 1.2. Statement of Problem Traditional medicines are becoming crucial and playing decisive role in the prevention and cure of diseases and disorders. Bombax Ceiba had been widely used for decades for the treatment of diseases and disorders. Various scientific studies or medicative usage has been reported within the traditional systems of drugs like Ayurveda, Siddha and Unani. Owing to this widespread attention about traditional medicines, scientific validations of medicinal plants have become a thrust area of research. The increasing prevalence of hyperlipidemia and related cardiovascular diseases necessitates the exploration of novel therapeutic agents. Bombax Ceiba petals have been traditionally used in folk medicine for various purposes, including lipid-related disorders. However, there is a lack of scientific evidence on its effects on serum lipids. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the effects of Bombax Ceiba petals extracts on serum lipids in wistar rat. 1.3 Aim of the Study The aim or main purpose of this research work is to know the effects of Bombax ceiba petals extract on serum lipids of wistar rat. 1.4. Objective of the Study i. To collect plant sample ii. To carry out phytochemical extraction using alcohol. iii. Ingesting the rat with the plants sample using oral cannula iv. To determine the lipids profile of wistar rat 1.5. Significant of the study There has been an increasing incidence of diabetes mellitus all over the world. Despite the attempt for reducing the exposure to this disease, there's still some reports of cases of several problems people are going through about this illness. The present study investigates the effects of Bombax ceiba petals extracts on serum lipids of Wistar rats, providing valuable insights into the potential hypolipidemic properties of this traditionally used plant. The findings of this study can contribute significantly to the development of novel, plant-based therapeutic agents for the management of hyperlipidemia and related cardiovascular disorders. Insulin is a hormone secreted by beta cells, which are located within clusters of cells in the pancreas called the isletes of Langerhans (Kara, 2024). Recently studies have shown that extracts derived from Bombax Ceiba calyces (BCE) can decrease insulin resistance and increase insulin secretion in hyperglycemia conditions, while reducing the formation of advanced glycation end products (Anusha et al., 2023). Bombax Ceiba are riched with micro- and macro- nutrients. Aqueous methanolic extract of B. Ceiba has shown antihyperglycemic activity by reducing digestive enzyme activity. (Anusha et al., 2022). 1.6. Scope of the study The research work covered only on the hypolipidemic and hyperlipidemic effects of bombax ceiba petals extract on serum lipids of wistar rat.