PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF ETHANOLIC EUPHOBIA EXTRACT OF EUPHORBIA HIRTA (NONON KURCIYA)
Abstract
This study investigated the phytochemical constituents and antibacterial properties of Ethanolic Euphobia extract of Euphorbia hirta (Nonon Kurciya). Fresh leaves of the plant were collected from Maiduguri, air-dried, pulverized, and extracted using ethanol. Qualitative phytochemical screening showed the presence of flavonoids, cardiac glycosides, tannins, and saponins, while alkaloids, terpenoids, and anthraquinones were absent. Antibacterial activity was evaluated against Staphylococcus aureus using the agar well diffusion method. The extract exhibited concentration-dependent inhibition, with maximum zone of inhibition (15 mm) observed at 200 mg/mL, moderate activity at 500 mg/mL (5.67 mm), and no activity at 100 mg/mL. The findings validate the traditional use of E. hirta in treating bacterial infections and suggest that its bioactive components contribute to its antimicrobial effects.
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