IMPACT OF RAINFALL VARIABILITY ON CROP PRODUCTION IN MICHIKA LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, ADAMAWA STATE

ABSTRACT This study assessed the impact of rainfall variability on crop production in Michika Local Government Area, Adamawa State. The objectives were to analyze decadal rainfall trends (2013-2023), evaluate its effects on crop yields, identify farmers' adaptation strategies, and propose sustainable recommendations. A mixed-methods design was employed, utilizing primary data from 150 structured questionnaires, key informant interviews, and field observations, alongside secondary rainfall data from the Nigerian Meteorological Agency (NIMET). The findings revealed a significant trend of rainfall variability characterized by a delayed onset (by approximately 3 weeks), an early cessation (by about 2 weeks), and a consequent shortening of the growing season by roughly 40 days. Total annual rainfall also exhibited a decreasing trend. These changes had severe negative impacts on crop production, with 94% of respondents reporting lower yields for major staples like maize, sorghum, and groundnuts, primarily due to moisture stress and a compressed growing period. Predominant adaptation strategies included adjusting planting dates (93.3%) and using early-maturing varieties (80.7%). However, the adoption of more resilient practices was constrained by a lack of capital (94.7%), limited access to improved seeds (83.3%), and insufficient government support (76.7%). The study concludes that rainfall variability poses a critical threat to agricultural sustainability and livelihoods in Michika LGA. It recommends enhanced climate information services, promotion of Climate-Smart Agriculture (CSA) practices, improved access to credit and inputs, strengthened extension