CAUSES AND CONCEQUENSES OF TERRORISM IN NIGERIA: A CASE STUDY OF BOKO HARAM

Terrorism remains one of the greatest threats to peace and development in Nigeria, with Boko Haram emerging as the most violent and persistent insurgent group in the country’s modern history. This study investigates the causes, consequences, and control measures of terrorism in Nigeria, using Boko Haram as a case study. It adopts a qualitative research design and draws its analysis from interviews conducted with military officers who have firsthand experience in counterterrorism operations. The research is anchored on the Frustration-Aggression Theory, which explains how prolonged socio-economic deprivation, political exclusion, and perceived injustice can provoke violent behaviour. The findings reveal that Boko Haram exploits widespread frustration in the northeastern region by offering marginalized youth a sense of belonging, financial support, and ideological purpose. The group manipulates religion to justify violence and promote radicalization. The consequences of terrorism in Nigeria have been severe. Economically, terrorism has disrupted agriculture, trade, and investment. Politically, it has deepened public distrust in government, exposed institutional weaknesses, and led to the militarization of civilian spaces. Socially, the insurgency has caused mass displacement, educational collapse, trauma, and fragmentation within communities. This study concludes that counterterrorism strategies must go beyond military interventions to include investments in education, youth empowerment, local governance, and inclusive development. A more holistic approach that addresses the root causes of terrorism is necessary for achieving lasting peace in Nigeria. Keywords: Boko Haram, Terrorism, Nigeria, frustration-aggression theory, counterterrorism.