MICROBIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF POWDERED PEPPER SOLD WITHIN GBOKO MARKETS, BENUE STATE, NIGERIA

ABSTRACT This study investigates the microbiological quality of powdered pepper sold within gboko markets, focusing on the prevalence of bacterial and fungal contaminants. A total of 60 samples were collected from four markets: Atonko, Gboko main market, ankyenge, and ortese. Microbial analysis involved gram reaction, biochemical tests, and culture characterization to identify species and their prevalence rates. The findings reveal significant contamination. Among bacterial isolates, Staphylococcus spp. (51.7%) was the most prevalent, followed by E. coli (35%), which indicates fecal contamination and poor handling practices. Salmonella spp., though less frequent (13.3%), poses a severe risk of foodborne illness. Regarding fungal contamination, Mucor spp. Showed the highest prevalence (55%), while Aspergillus flavus (31.7%) is of concern due to its potential to produce carcinogenic aflatoxins. Contamination levels varied across locations, with Gboko main market showing the highest prevalence (29%). The study highlights critical public health concerns linked to microbial contamination of powdered pepper. Poor hygiene during processing, storage, and handling contributes to the contamination. The results underscore the urgent need for interventions such as hygiene education for vendors, improved storage conditions, and regulatory enforcement to ensure food safety and reduce associated health risks.