THE THERAPEUTIC EFFECT OF HESPERIDIN ON THE HISTOMORPHOLOGY OF THE PREFRONTAL CORTEX OF PSYCHOLOGICAL STRESS-INDUCED PTSD IN WISTAR RAT

This study investigated the therapeutic effects of hesperidin on the histomorphology of the prefrontal cortex in Wistar rats with psychological stress-induced post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). PTSD, a mental health condition affecting the prefrontal cortex, is linked to emotional and cognitive impairments. Current pharmacological treatments have limited efficacy and side effects, prompting the search for alternatives. Hesperidin, a bioflavonoid with antioxidant and neuroprotective properties, was examined for its potential in mitigating stress-induced neuronal damage. Thirty adult male Wistar rats were divided into six groups: a control group, a stress-only group, a fluoxetine-treated group (standard PTSD treatment), and three hesperidin-treated groups (50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg). Stress was induced using the Single Prolonged Stress (SPS) model, and histological analyses were performed to evaluate neuronal integrity and neuroinflammation. Results showed significant neuronal damage in the stress-only group, while fluoxetine provided partial neuroprotection. Hesperidin, exhibited dose-dependent neuroprotective effects, preserving neuronal structure and reducing astrocytic activation. In conclusion, hesperidin demonstrated promising neuroprotective potential, making it a viable alternative for PTSD treatment with fewer side effects than fluoxetine. Further research is recommended to confirm its therapeutic potential in humans. Keywords: Hesperidin, PTSD, Prefrontal Cortex, Neuroprotection, Psychological Stress, Histomorphology.