CHARACTERIZATION OF SOAP PRODUCED FROM PALM KERNEL OIL

ABSTRACT This study investigates the characterization of soap produced using palm kernel oil, focusing on its properties, production process, and performance compared to traditional soaps. Palm kernel oil, known for its high lauric acid content, was utilized as the primary fat source due to its excellent lathering and cleansing abilities. The research aims to evaluate the chemical and physical properties of the soap, assess its cleaning effect, and compare it with soaps made from conventional oils. The study involved the production of laundry soap incorporating palm kernel oil, caustic soda, tallow oil, sodium silicate, colorants, fragrances, water, and soda ash. The soap was then tested for various properties, including foaming capacity, cleaning ability, emulsification capacity, weight, and durability. Additionally, practical tests were conducted to evaluate the soap's performance in removing stains from fabric and cleaning greasy dishes. Results showed that the soap produced with palm kernel oil had a high foaming capacity, substantial weight (152.63g per bar), a slow disappearing time (1 hour, 2 minutes, and 20 seconds), and excellent cleaning and emulsification capabilities. The environmental and economic implications of palm kernel oil production were also explored, emphasizing the importance of sustainable sourcing practices. This research contributes to the knowledge base by providing empirical data on the properties and effectiveness of palm kernel oil-based soap. It highlights the benefits of using palm kernel oil in soap making, including superior lathering and cleansing properties, and underscores the need for sustainable production practices. Future research directions include exploring alternative formulations, studying long-term environmental impacts, and investigating consumer preferences and health benefits. This study concludes that palm kernel oil is a viable and advantageous ingredient for soap production, offering both high performance and economic benefits while emphasizing the importance of sustainability in sourcing and production.