HISTOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF AMELIORATING EFFECTS OF ETHANOLIC SALVADORA PERSICA STEM EXTRACT ON ACETAMINOPHEN-INDUCED LIVER DAMAGE IN ALBINO WISTAR RATS
Abstract
Acetaminophen as analgesic drugs makes hepatotoxicity damage. Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) has been recognized as an antioxidant and has shown protective effects against hepatotoxicity damage caused by paracetamol. The current investigation aims to study the possible protective effects of Salvadora persica against hepatic damage induced by paracetamol in rats with the standard protective agent Vitamin C. Twenty male rats were divided into four groups: The primary group as control; receiving distilled water orally, the second group; receiving 2000 mg/kg of Acetaminophen only. The third group; receiving 2000 mg/kg of acetaminophen with 1000mg/kg of Vitamin C. The fourth group (protective group); receiving 2000mg/kg of acetaminophen with 2500mg/kg of Salvadora persica extract for 14 days. Body weight changes were monitored, and sacrificed rats underwent histological analysis of liver tissues. Liver health was assessed by measuring liver enzymes and histopathology. The liver tissues after administration of acetaminophen alone showed different changes such as disrupted lobular architecture with degenerating hepatocytes, dilated congested central vein, and mononuclear cellular infiltration, single overdose of Paracetamol caused significant elevations of alanine amine transaminases and alkaline phosphate compared with the control group. In conclusion, the results of this study demonstrate that Vitamin C was effective in reducing the hepatic damage caused by acetaminophen in male albino rat, pretreatment with Salvadora persica significantly prevented acetaminophen-induced changes in hepatic biomarkers. Histologically, the liver showed inflammation and necrosis after acetaminophen treatment, which were significantly reduced in rats pretreated with Salvadora persica. Results showed that Salvadora persica supplementation significantly improved liver health and reducing liver enzymes, and improving histopathological changes, in a dose-dependent manner. These findings suggest that Salvadora persica may have potential as a natural remedy for maintaining liver health and preventing liver disease.
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