THE DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF AN ELECTRIC POWERED MAIZE THRESHING MACHINE
Abstract
The reliance on traditional hand threshing methods among small -scale maize farmers in Nigeria presents significant challenges, including inefficiency, high labor costs, and substantial post - harvest losses. This project addresses these issues by designing and developing an electric -powered maize threshing machine, specifically tailored to meet the needs of rural farmers who cannot access large-scale, expensive threshing equipment. The design process utilized SolidWorks to create a machine that prioritizes affordability, efficiency, and ease of maintenance. Finite element analysis was also conducted on the shaft using SolidWorks Simulations to know how well the design is able to withstand physical forces or stresses. The maize thresher was designed to remain structurally safe and functional when subjected to loads. Performance evaluation were conducted using maize at a moisture content of 13%, with a feed rate of 606 rpm. Key performance metrics assessed included shelling efficiency, cleaning efficiency, grain recovery efficiency, sheller performance index, and total grain losses. Results indicated a shelling efficiency of 70.08% at 13% moisture content, accompanied by a cleaning efficiency of 96.07% and a grain recovery efficiency of 97.19%. The overall sheller performance index was calculated at 65.43%, demonstrating effective operation under the tested conditions. Total grain losses were recorded at just 8.66%, indicating that the machine significantly minimizes waste during the threshing process. This design not only enhances the efficiency of maize processing for smallholder farmers but also reduces the physical strain associated with manual threshing methods. By providing an economically viable solution that improves both the quality and quantity of maize production, this project contributes to greater food security and economic stability in rural agricultural communities. The findings underscore the potential for affordable mechanization in transforming post -harvest practices among small -scale farmers in Nigeria.
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