THE IMPACT OF SOME LIFESTYLE FACTORS ON SERUM LEVELS OF PROSTATE SPECIFIC ANTIGEN AMONG ADULT MALE IN ETSAKO WEST LGA, EDO STATE
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels are important markers for prostate health, with lifestyle factors influencing these levels. This study aimed to assess the impact of various lifestyle factors on serum PSA levels among adult males in Etsako West LGA, Edo State, Nigeria. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 90 adult male participants from Etsako West LGA. Sociodemographic data, lifestyle factors (diet, physical activity, and alcohol consumption), and smoking status were collected. Total and free PSA levels were measured using standard biochemical procedures, and statistical analyses were performed to evaluate the associations between lifestyle factors and PSA levels. The majority of participants were aged 40–49 years (52.2%), traders (18.9%), and possessed university-level education (41.1%). Smokers had significantly higher total PSA levels (7.51 ± 5.42ng/ml) compared to non-smokers (3.88 ± 1.42ng/ml, p = 0.001). Non-smokers exhibited higher levels of free PSA (1.70 ± 0.67ng/ml) and a higher free PSA to total PSA ratio (43.93 ± 9.52%) compared to smokers (0.92 ± 0.69ng/ml and 12.93 ± 7.34%, respectively, p = 0.000). Smoking status was significantly associated with increased levels of physical activity and alcohol consumption but not with dietary patterns or health behaviors. Notably, the consumption of processed or fast foods was significantly (p < 0.05) associated with total PSA and free PSA among smokers. The study reveals that smoking and dietary factors, particularly the consumption of processed foods, are significantly associated with PSA levels in adult male smokers. These findings highlight the need for targeted lifestyle interventions to promote healthier behaviors and reduce the risk of prostate-related health issues in this population. Future research is recommended to further investigate these associations and explore targeted interventions to promote healthier lifestyles among adult male smokers, ultimately reducing the risk of prostate-related health issues in this population
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