EFFECT OF ETHANOLIC LEAF EXTRACT OF CRASSULACEA AND BISOPROLOL ON CARDIAC MARKER AND HISTOLOGY OF THE HEART ON LEAD ACETATE INDUCED CARDIAC TOXICITY

This study investigates the cardioprotective effects of ethanolic leaf extract of Crassulaceae and Bisoprolol on cardiac markers and heart histology in Wistar rats with lead acetate-induced cardiac toxicity. Seventy rats were divided into five groups: normal control, Crassulaceae only, lead acetate only, lead acetate with Bisoprolol, and lead acetate with Crassulaceae. Lead acetate was administered intraperitoneally to induce cardiac toxicity, while Crassulaceae extract and Bisoprolol were used as potential treatments.Cardiac biomarkers—troponin, myoglobin, and creatine kinase—were analyzed, and histological examinations were performed on heart tissues. Results showed significantly elevated levels of troponin (829±3.8) and myoglobin (1087±3.1) in the lead acetate-only group, indicating substantial cardiac damage. However, treatment with Crassulaceae and Bisoprolol significantly reduced these biomarker levels, demonstrating their cardioprotective properties. For example, troponin levels in the lead + Crassulaceae group decreased to 701±3.5, while the lead + Bisoprolol group showed a similar reduction (630±1.3).Histological analysis confirmed the protective effects of both treatments, as the heart tissues in the treated groups exhibited fewer signs of myocardiac damage compared to the untreated lead acetate group. The combination of Crassulaceae extract and Bisoprolol provided notable protection against lead-induced cardiotoxicity, likely due to their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.In conclusion, the study supports the use of Crassulaceae extract and Bisoprolol as effective treatments to mitigate lead-induced cardiac toxicity by improving cardiac biomarker profiles and preserving heart tissue integrity.