THE IMPACT OF MOTIVATION ON PRODUCTIVITY AND WORKFLOW VARIABILITY ON LABOUR PERFORMANCE ON CONSTRUCTION SITES (A CASE STUDY OF MAKURDI LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, BENUE STATE)

ABSTRACT This research examines the impact of motivation on productivity and workflow variability on labour performance in construction sites within Makurdi Local Government Area (LGA), Benue State, in the year 2023. The construction industry plays a significant role in economic development; however, labour productivity remains a major challenge due to poor motivation systems and irregular workflow processes. The study investigates how motivational factors such as wages, incentives, recognition, and working conditions influence labour productivity. It further evaluates how workflow variability — including material delays, poor coordination, and schedule disruptions — affects overall site performance. A descriptive survey research design was adopted. Data were collected from construction workers, supervisors, and site managers through structured questionnaires and interviews. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and regression analysis. Findings reveal that motivation has a strong positive effect on labour productivity, while workflow variability significantly reduces performance efficiency. The study concludes that improved motivational strategies and better workflow management can enhance labour output and project delivery time. The research recommends implementation of structured incentive programs, improved supervision, proper planning, and adoption of lean construction techniques to minimize workflow variability.