ANTIMICROBIAL, ANTIOXIDANT, ANTI-INFLMMATORY AND GCMS ANALYSIS OFMETHANOL EXTRACT OF RAPHIA HOOKERI SEED

ABSTRACT This research investigates the antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties, as well as the chemical composition, of the methanol extract from Raphiahookeri seeds, analyzed through GC-MS. The GC-MS analysis identified 26 compounds, with squalene as the most abundant, contributing 33.7% of the total area. Other significant compounds include dibutyl phthalate, oxiranetetradecyl-, and phytol. The antimicrobial activity of the extract was evaluated against several clinical pathogens, showing effective inhibition against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Vancomycin-resistant enterococci, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi, Candida krusei, and Candida tropicalis. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) ranged from 2.5 µg/mL to 5 µg/mL. The anti-inflammatory potential of the extract was tested using membrane stabilization assays, showing 59.4% inhibition at 500 µg/mL, compared to diclofenac’s 89.13% inhibition. The antioxidant activity was evaluated using the DPPH free radical scavenging assay, where the extract exhibited strong antioxidant potential, with an IC50 of 251.55 µg/mL, outperforming the standard antioxidant ascorbic acid (IC50 = 527.17 µg/mL). Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of bioactive compounds such as alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, phenols, and steroids, known for their therapeutic properties. These findings suggest that Raphiahookeri seed extract possesses significant antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory potential, making it a promising candidate for pharmacological applications.