DETERMINATION OF SOME HEAVY METALS IN FRESH AND DRIED FISH PROJECT

Fish is a major source of animal protein and essential nutrients for millions of people worldwide, particularly in developing countries. In Nigeria and many other regions, both fresh and dried fish are widely consumed due to their nutritional value, affordability, and accessibility. Fish not only provides high-quality protein but also essential fatty acids, vitamins, and minerals necessary for healthy living. However, the increasing industrialization, urbanization, and agricultural activities have led to the contamination of aquatic environments with various pollutants, including heavy metals. Heavy metals such as lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), chromium (Cr), and arsenic (As) are of particular concern due to their toxicity, persistence, and bioaccumulative nature. Unlike organic pollutants, heavy metals cannot be degraded and tend to accumulate in the tissues of aquatic organisms, including fish. The consumption of fish contaminated with heavy metals poses significant health risks to humans, including neurological disorders, kidney damage, developmental problems in children, and even cancer. The risk is heightened in communities where fish constitutes a substantial part of the diet. Therefore, it is essential to monitor and assess the levels of heavy metals in fish, both in their fresh and processed (dried) forms, to ensure food safety and public health.