ASSESSMENT OF ESHERICHIA COLI ISOLATE FROM BROILER CHICKEN IN COMMERCIAL POULTRY FARMS IN ONA ARA LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA IN OYO STATE
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a growing global threat that compromises the effectiveness of antibiotics in both human and animal health. Escherichia coli, a common bacterium in poultry, contributes significantly to the spread of AMR through the food chain. Addressing this challenge requires a One Health approach that integrates human, animal, and environmental health.
This study evaluated the antimicrobial resistance patterns of E. coli isolates from commercial broiler farms in Ona Ara Local Government, Oyo State, Nigeria. A random convenience sampling method was used to collect sixty (60) samples (cloacal swabs). Isolates were tested against ten antibiotics: Ceftriaxone, Ciprofloxacin, Colistin, Enrofloxacin, Streptomycin, Gentamicin, Doxycycline, Tetracycline, Amoxicillin, and Florfenicol. Antimicrobial susceptibility was determined using resistance, intermediate, and sensitivity parameters. A biosecurity survey assessed farmers’ demographic characteristics, knowledge, attitudes, and practices.
The results showed that Ceftriaxone, Ciprofloxacin, and Colistin were highly effective against E. coli isolates, while 80% resistance was observed against Florfenicol. Streptomycin also demonstrated effectiveness in some cases. Biosecurity evaluation revealed moderate practices among farmers, with most expressing awareness of antibiotic resistance.
Overall, the study highlights a high frequency of antimicrobial resistance in poultry farms, largely attributable to the misuse and overuse of antibiotics in production. This poses a serious risk to food safety and public health through the persistence of multidrug-resistant E. coli in poultry products.
In conclusion, Ceftriaxone, Ciprofloxacin, and Colistin remain viable treatment options, but the emergence of resistance, particularly to Florfenicol, calls for urgent interventions. Farmers should adopt responsible antibiotic use guided by veterinary prescriptions, while policies enforcing antimicrobial stewardship, improved farm hygiene, waste management, and equipment disinfection must be prioritized. Continuous surveillance and research into innovative alternatives are also essential to curb the AMR burden.
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