COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF TANNING USING TRADITIONAL AND MODERN METHODS

ABSTRACT Tanning, an ancient process used to preserve and treat animal hides, has evolved over time, leading to the development of modern methods. Traditional tanning methods, often employed in local or small-scale industries, typically involve natural tannins extracted from plants, barks, and other organic materials. Data were collected through field observations, laboratory effluent analysis, physical testing of leather samples, and cost assessments. Results from the study indicates that traditional tanning process of leather seems to exhibit some high potential where its tensile strength is seen to be 20.0Mpa, a tear strength of 55.0Nmm-1, and elongation level of 45.0%. These results are lower than that of modern tanning process, where tensile strength value is 25.5MPa, tear strength value of 70.0Nmm-1, and elongation at break is 65.0%. The study emphasizes the need for a hybrid approach that integrates the eco-friendliness of traditional methods with the efficiency of modern techniques. The study recommends that further development of semi-vegetable or enzymatic tanning methods that combine durability with efficiency should be encouraged and studies should investigate alternative natural sources of tannins, such as agricultural residues, to improve sustainability and scalability of traditional tanning methods.