FORMULATION OF OIL BASED MUD USING PALM KERNEL OIL (PKO)
Abstract
Lost circulation of drilling mud in permeable zones is a major challenge in the oil and gas industry, leading to high costs. This study investigates the use of locally sourced Palm Kernel Oil (PKO) and Burnt Palm Kernel Oil (BPKO) from Amai, Delta State, as base oils for oil-based mud (OBM) formulation. Three mud samples were prepared using diesel, PKO, and BPKO, and tested for pH, mud weight, rheological properties, and filtration characteristics. Results show that PKO and BPKO improved pH (8.0 and 9.0) compared to diesel (7.5), with BPKO meeting API standards (8.5–10). Mud weights were 8.5 ppg (diesel), 8.4 ppg (PKO), and 9.1 ppg (BPKO), all within API range (7.5–22 ppg). Rheological properties at 600 rpm were acceptable, and filtration control was good for diesel and PKO (≤15 ml/30 min), though BPKO slightly exceeded at 17 ml. All samples formed quality filter cakes. The findings indicate that PKO and BPKO have strong potential as eco-friendly, cost-effective alternatives to imported diesel in OBM formulation.
Palm Kernel Oil, Oil-Based Mud, Drilling Fluid, Lost Circulation, API Standards
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