THE ROLE OF MEDIATION IN CONFLICT RESOLUTION: A STUDY OF THE RUSSIAN - UKRAINE CRISIS FROM 2021- 2024.
Abstract
This study examines the role of mediation in the resolution of the Russia–Ukraine conflict, focusing on the period between 2022 and 2025. The primary objective is to assess the effectiveness, limitations, and outcomes of various mediation efforts undertaken by international actors, including state and non-state mediators, humanitarian bodies, and international organizations. Specifically, the research investigates initiatives such as the Minsk Agreements, Turkey’s facilitation of the Black Sea Grain Initiative, and peace overtures by China, the Vatican, and the United Nations. Using a qualitative case study approach and secondary data analysis, the study identifies critical factors contributing to the success or failure of these mediation attempts. Findings suggest that while political mediation efforts often failed due to power imbalances and conflicting geopolitical interests, humanitarian mediation achieved measurable success in alleviating civilian suffering. The study emphasizes the importance of interest-based mediation strategies, impartiality, coordinated diplomacy, and sustained engagement in future conflict resolution efforts. This research contributes to the broader discourse on international conflict resolution and offers practical recommendations for improving mediation frameworks in complex, high-intensity geopolitical crises.
Keywords: Mediation, Russia–Ukraine conflict, conflict resolution, international diplomacy, humanitarian aid, geopolitical interests, peace negotiations, interest-based mediation, international organizations.
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