HAEMATOLOGICAL AND OXIDATIVE STRESS CHANGES IN WISTAR RATS DENIED OF SLEEP

CHAPTER THREE RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 3.1 Study Area: This study was conducted in Oji-River Local Government Area, Oji River is located between longitude 09°00 and 9°28E and latitude 8°15 and 8°37N of the Greenwich Meridian and Equator respectively. It is about 20 km south west of Enugu, the capital city of Enugu state. Oji-River is surrounded by Awgu, Udi, Ezeagu, Awka Local Government Area in the North, South, East and West respectively (Menakaya and Floyg, 2015) the weather of Oji-River is fair although Iloeje, (2015) says that rain fall pattern is that typical tropical Southern Nigeria, having a double peak or double maxima regime. The first maxima occur in the month of June/July while the second takes place in about September/October with significant fall in August known as August breaks. The mean annual rainfall of the study area is about 1,750mm, 1992 (the range being 1,500-2,00mm) received from April to October within these month crops can be grown without any need for artificial application of water. It has total population of 126,000 according to NPC (2006). There may be slight rainfalls between Novembers to March such rain cannot support crop production without irrigation. The vegetation of the study area is that of the forest savanna mosaic or derived savanna also called Guinea Savanna. It is made up of tall grasses and small tress, a by-product of centuries of tree deviation by man and fire, which are diminutive survival of the original plant species. The tree found in this area shared their leaves in dry season in order to minimize loss of water by transpiration. The soil type is mostly sandy soil are generally referred to as unproductive because of their peculiar physical chemical and nutritional properties. The farmers practice shifting cultivation and are mainly doing mix cropping. The major food taken by the people of Oji-River are yam, cassava, maize, cajanus Cajan, vegetables and fruit while minor foods are breadfruits and soya beans. 3.2 Sampling Techniques Sampling Techniques In carrying out the work random sampling technique was employed to ensure a good spread of respondents for the study. In first stage, there are seven (7) Autonomous communities that made up of Ojiriver L.G.A Second stage, five (5) communities was randomly selected from each of the local government area to avoid bias , twenty four (24) cassava processors was selected and interviewed using questionnaire, then 5*24 gave us the total number of 120 respondents. 3.3 Data Collection Data that was used for this study will be collected from two sources. Primary data was used to collect with structured questionnaire which was used to elicit the primary data from cassava processors. They are presumed useful because of their importance in determining the market cost and net return accruable to cassava processors, information on the sales of cassava types mentioned and also the socio-economic problems affecting cassava processors in the study was also be collected. Also, information was collected on the price of cassava both during wet and dry season, data on the socio economic factors and problems affecting production and marketing of the cassava and storage of cassava. Secondary data was collected by use of text books and literatures, publications on seminars, journals, annually and quarterly reports, conference papers, published and unpublished materials and internets. 3.4 Data Analysis The analytical tools that was used in analyzing the data include simple descriptive statistics such as frequency tables and percentages which was employed to analyze objective (I) and (II). The gross margin and benefit cost ratio was used in objective (III) Percentage = F/n x 100/1 Where F = Frequency of response n = total number of responses Gross margin = TR- TVC Where TR = Total revenue TVC = Total variable cost Net Profit (NP) = Total revenue (TR) – Total cost (TC) Benefit cost ratio (BCR) = Summation of average calculated Total Revenue Summation of average calculated Total cost Objective (IV) was arranged using four point Likert type to obtain the mean scores of the respondents based on the factors militating against rural women in cassava processing in the study area. Thus four point Likert scaling: 5+ 4 + 3 + 2 + 1= 15/5 =3 The hypothesis was tested using multiple regression analysis. A multiple regression can be expressed implicitly as; Y = f (X1, X2, X3 … Xn) ….2.3 Where, Y= dependent variable, X1, X2, X3 … Xn = independent variables CHAPTER 4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION This study analyzed the assessment of rural women in cassava processing in Oji-river local government area Enugu state, based on the data collected from 120 respondents with the aid of a structured questionnaire. The socio-economic characteristics of the respondents considered in the study are age, marital status, household size, educational level, years of experience, religion, occupation. The following was discussed in this chapter which includes: • Socio-economics characteristics of the respondents using descriptive statistics (frequency and percentage ) • The products of cassava processing • The role played by the rural women in cassava processing • Cost and returns of cassava processing • Problems faced by the women in cassava processing 4.1 Socio-Economic Characteristics of Rural Wom