STUDIES ON THE KIDNEYS OF ALBINO RATS FOLLOWING ADMINISTRATION OF TRAMADOL HCL AND MILK

ABSTRACT This study is aimed at determining the effects combine fermented and boiled cassava (Manihot esculenta Cranzt) peel supplemented diet on the lungs catalase and superoxide dismutase of broiler chicken. Fresh cassava peels were washed and soaked for seven (7) in cold water & allowed to ferment, the peels were washed and boiled in clean water (1:3, W/V) for 30 minutes in a closed metal pot. After boiling, the peels were removed, drained and sun-dried for 7 days. The processed peels were then grounded into semi-powdery form and stored which was used to feed the animals. A total of Thirty broilers (30) were divided into three (3) dietary treatment groups (A-C), using a randomized design and water for six (6) weeks; GROUP A was fed with Control diet (0% fermented and boiled cassava meal) while GROUP B was fed with 30% fermented and boiled cassava peel meal and GROUP C was fed with 60% fermented and boiled cassava meal. After six weeks of feeding the animals were sacrificed and the lungs were harvested & homogenized for analysis. In this study it was observed that the levels of serum SOD and CAT had the lowest values compared to the basal group, However, these effects are within the reference range: The data suggests that the mechanism of combine fermented and boiled cassava peel less than 60% may not cause any severe effect on serum antioxidant system of nroiler chicken and may be considered as an important ingredient for poultry feed formulation