PRODUCTION OF WOOD BIO-ADHESIVE FROM CASSAVA (MANIHOT ESCULENTA)

ABSTRACT This research investigates the production of a wood bio-adhesive derived from cassava starch (Manihot esculenta) as a sustainable and eco-friendly alternative to synthetic adhesives. Cassava starch was used as the primary binder, with additives such as calcium carbonate for viscosity improvement, formaldehyde as a preservative, and polyvinyl acetate to enhance water resistance. The adhesive was produced using the gelatinization method and applied in the manufacture of particleboards. Its performance was compared with that of conventional synthetic adhesives through tests on viscosity, moisture content, water absorption, thickness swelling, and compressive strength. Results showed that the cassava-based bio-adhesive exhibited higher viscosity (830–920 cP) than synthetic adhesives (700–780 cP), indicating stronger bonding capability. Particleboards made with the bio-adhesive also demonstrated lower moisture content (11.23% to 0%), lower water absorption (13.33% after 8 hours), and reduced thickness swelling (13.33%) compared to those bonded with synthetic adhesives (24.07%). The average compressive strength of bio-adhesive boards was 19.84 N/mm², higher than the 18.16 N/mm² recorded for synthetic adhesives. The study concludes that cassava starch can effectively serve as a renewable, biodegradable raw material for adhesive production. It offers environmental and economic benefits by reducing dependence on petroleum-based products and promoting local cassava utilization. Further research is recommended to optimize production, enhance drying time, and improve bonding strength for large-scale industrial applications.