THE USE OF ELECTRONIC VOTING MACHINES IN NIGERIA GENERAL ELECTIONS: CHALLENGES AND SUCCESS
Abstract
This study examines the challenges and successes of electronic voting machines (EVMs), specifically the Bimodal Voter Accreditation System (BVAS), in Nigeria’s 2023 general elections, focusing on primary and secondary school polling units in Agbor, Delta State. Employing a quantitative survey research design, data was collected from 100 registered voters using a structured questionnaire with a 5-point Likert scale. The objectives were to explore historical electoral challenges, evaluate BVAS’s impact on transparency and efficiency, identify implementation barriers, and propose improvement strategies. Findings reveal that BVAS significantly reduced voter fraud and improved accreditation speed, enhancing electoral credibility. However, unreliable electricity, poor internet connectivity, technical failures, and inadequate voter education hindered its effectiveness. Respondents strongly supported increased voter education, better infrastructure, and regular maintenance to optimize BVAS performance. Chi-Square tests confirmed a significant relationship between infrastructural challenges and BVAS performance. Grounded in the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and Diffusion of Innovations (DOI) theory, the study highlights the need for context-specific solutions to strengthen Nigeria’s electoral process. Recommendations include enhanced voter education, improved electricity and internet infrastructure, and routine BVAS maintenance to ensure transparent and efficient elections, benefiting Agbor’s voters and Nigeria’s democracy.
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