ASSESSMENT ON HOUSEHOLD WATER USAGE PATTERNS AND INFRASTRUCTURE EFFICIENCY IN MAIDUGURI, BORNO STATE.

ABSTRACT This study investigates household water usage patterns and infrastructure efficiency in Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria. The research explores the current status of water consumption, sources and functionality of water infrastructure, and the factors influencing household water usage behaviors. Utilizing a mixed-methods approach that includes structured questionnaires and oral interviews, data were collected from 384 respondents. The study reveals that the primary water source for most households is boreholes (59.9%), followed by public taps (19.3%) and water vendors (18.5%), while wells are minimally utilized (2.3%). However, 59.9% of respondents report their water source as unreliable, highlighting significant issues with infrastructure and water supply systems. Daily household water consumption varies, with 39.06% using 20–40 liters, 27.08% using 40–60 liters, 18.23% using 60–80 liters, and 16.63% consuming 80–100 liters. Water shortages are pervasive, with 58.8% of respondents experiencing shortages nine or more times per month. These findings indicate disparities in water access driven by infrastructural inefficiencies, socio-economic factors, and cultural practices. The study concludes that inadequate and unreliable water infrastructure significantly impacts water access in Maiduguri, exacerbating the challenges of meeting household needs. To address these issues, the study recommends repairing and maintaining existing water facilities, expanding supply networks to underserved areas, and implementing policies to regulate equitable water distribution. Strengthening community-based water management systems, promoting public awareness on water-saving practices, and integrating water management education into local educational curricula are also emphasized as critical strategies to improve water access and sustainability in Maiduguri. The research highlights the urgent need for comprehensive interventions to address water access challenges and enhance the quality of life for Maiduguri's residents.