CONSUMPTION PATTERN AND INCIDENCE OF VITAMIN A DEFICIENCY AMONG SCHOOL CHILDREN IN UGUWAN DAWAKI ZANNAUWA PRIMARY SCHOOL, BAUCHI

ABSTRACT This study investigated the consumption patterns of vitamin A-rich foods and the incidence of vitamin A deficiency among school children at Uguwan Dawaki Zannauwa Primary School in Bauchi, Nigeria. The primary objectives include determining the types and frequency of vitamin A-rich foods consumed, assessing the incidence of vitamin A deficiency, identifying socio-economic and demographic influences on dietary consumption, and evaluating the awareness of parents, teachers, and students regarding the importance of vitamin A in child health. A cross-sectional descriptive design was employed, utilizing structured questionnaires administered to a sample of 200 participants, including parents, teachers, and students. The findings indicate a positive trend in the consumption of vitamin A-rich foods, with 70% of children consuming these foods at least 2-3 times a week. However, 15% of the children reported being diagnosed with vitamin A deficiency, although 90% did not exhibit related symptoms such as night blindness. Socio-economic factors, including family income and parental education, significantly influenced dietary patterns, with 75% of children aware of the importance of vitamin A. Despite this awareness, barriers such as economic constraints and limited access to diverse food options persist. In conclusion, while the study highlights encouraging consumption patterns and awareness regarding vitamin A, it underscores the need for targeted interventions to enhance access to vitamin A-rich foods and nutrition education. Recommendations include implementing community-based nutrition programs, increasing the availability of vitamin A-rich foods, and integrating nutrition education into school curricula to further improve dietary practices and health outcomes among children.