BACTERIA CONTAMINATION OF POULTRY DRINKING WATER
Abstract
Abstract
This study investigated the bacteriological quality of drinking water used in poultry farms at Niger State Polytechnic, Zungeru Biological Gardden, with emphasis on microbial contamination and antibiotic resistance profiles of bacterial isolates. The objectives were to assess the physicochemical and microbiological properties of the water, identify bacterial species present, and evaluate their susceptibility to commonly used antibiotics. Water samples were collected from different sources, including open troughs, reused containers, borehole systems, and nipple drinkers. Physicochemical analysis revealed that parameters such as pH (6.4–7.8), temperature (25–30°C), and total dissolved solids were within the World Health Organization (WHO, 2022) permissible limits, except for turbidity, which exceeded 5 NTU in some samples, indicating possible contamination with organic matter. Microbiological analysis showed high total heterotrophic bacterial counts (1.2 × 10⁶–7.9 × 10³ CFU/mL), far above the WHO standard of
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