DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF 5000 WATTS ELECTRIC POWER STABILIZER (AVR).

The discovery of electromagnetism in the 19th century and static electricity in the 18th century were major scientific breakthroughs. Key developments include Galvani’s discovery of bioelectricity, the Leyden jar, Franklin’s identification of electricity’s positive and negative poles, and Volta's invention of the electrochemical battery in 1800. Ørsted’s discovery in 1820 that electric currents affect magnetized needles led to electromagnet experiments by scientists like Faraday and Henry, who developed the theory of induction, showing that moving magnetic fields generate electricity. These discoveries led to the creation of the "magneto-electric" telegraph, which connected the world within a generation. Electric power refers to the rate at which electrical energy is transferred in a circuit, measured in watts (joules per second). Larger units include kilowatts, megawatts, and gigawatts. Electric generators are the most common source of power, with electric batteries also used. Electrical grids distribute this power to homes and businesses worldwide. This study is aimed at achieving a well designed and constructed of 5000 Watts Automatic Voltage Regulator, studying the principle of mechanism, components and Effectives. Also, when test run it will be working perfectly, while considering the quality and source material. The design aims to automatically stabilize output voltage between 150 and 273 volts at 5000 watts, ensuring steady output even with fluctuating input. A measuring circuit powers a multi-tapped transformer (eight taps: T1-T8), selected by relays (R1-R8), controlled by a microcontroller. The microcontroller compares a DC input with a reference, adjusting the taps accordingly to maintain stable output voltage. After the design was finished, we practically applied it to obtain a clear performance. We certify with evidence that the AVR activated, steadied, and produced an AC output within the acceptable range of 150-240 volts when the variable input voltage fell between 100 and 273 volts. The auto transformer that is being used has eight (8) tapped autotransformers; the tapings are extracted from the transformer windings at regular intervals, or every 100–200 turns. The Automatic Voltage Regulator (AVR) is crucial for maintaining steady voltage and protecting appliances like refrigerators, TVs, and VCRs from surges and fluctuations. Built with transistors, discrete components, and the op-amp IC 741, it acts as a comparator to regulate abnormal voltage levels. The AVR automatically adjusts voltage in response to load variations, ensuring stable, safe operation, and preventing equipment damage, making it essential for both home and commercial applications.