DETECTING LITHOLOGICAL FAULT OF THE SUBSURFACE LAYERS AROUND THE NEW POSTGRADUATE BUILDING IN FUPRE USING SEISMIC REFRACTION METHODS

ABSTRACT The study of subsurface lithology is critical for various engineering and geological applications, particularly in urban settings where new constructions, such as the Postgraduate Building at the Federal University of Petroleum Resources Effurun (FUPRE), require a thorough understanding of underlying geological conditions. This project aims to detect lithological faults in the subsurface layers surrounding the new building using seismic refraction methods, a non-invasive geophysical technique renowned for its effectiveness in delineating subsurface stratigraphy and identifying structural anomalies. Seismic refraction relies on measuring the travel times of seismic waves generated by artificial sources and refracted through geological layers. By analyzing these wave paths and velocities, the study seeks to create a comprehensive model of the subsurface lithology, highlighting variations in material properties and identifying potential fault zones that could impact the structural integrity of the Postgraduate Building. Fieldwork will involve systematic data collection through strategically placed seismic lines, ensuring adequate coverage of the study area. Subsequent data processing will employ advanced analytical techniques to interpret seismic wave behavior, allowing for the identification of lithological contrasts and structural irregularities. .During the survey, the data acquired provided detailed information about the depth and characteristics of the subsurface materials. Three shots were generated from the study area, and these shots revealed three geological layers of different velocities. The travel time generated from the first transverse velocities are of 932.2m/s, 353.0m/s,266.4m/s,192.3m/s,367.2m/s and 699.2m/s for the third layer. For the second transverse the velocities of 257.2m/s for the first layer , 470.3m/s for the second layer and 1165.3m/s for the third layer. The third transverse the velocities of 888.8m/s for the first layer, 211.7m/s for the second layer, 198.4m/s for the third layer .The other geotechnical parameters generated from the study area are poisson’s ratio, density, bulk modulus , shear modulus and young modulus. The values generated for all these parameters revealed the morphorlogy of the subsurface layers in which the first layer is the top soil that is not consolidated, the second layer is the mixture of clay and sand while the third layer is more consolidated and compacted to withstand any structure. However, the results will provide critical insights into the geological framework, informing engineering decisions and construction practices while mitigating risks associated with subsurface anomalies. This research not only contributes to the understanding of the geological setting at FUPRE but also enhances the applicability of seismic refraction methods in urban geological assessments. Ultimately, it aims to establish a reliable geotechnical baseline for future construction projects in the FUPRE region, promoting sustainable development while ensuring safety and stability in engineering practices.