GEOLOGY AND GEOCHEMISTRY OF QUARZITIC ROCK OF ADO-EKITI SOUTHWESTERN NIGERIA
Abstract
This study examines the geological and geochemical characteristics of quartzitic rocks in
Ado-Ekiti, Southwestern Nigeria, within the Precambrian Basement Complex. These
quartzitic formations, predominantly composed of quartz, form significant ridges that provide
insights into the geological processes that shaped the region over millions of years. The
quartzitic rocks occur as minor yet geologically important units amidst a predominantly
gneissic and migmatitic terrain. Typically found in interlayered sequences with other
metamorphic rocks, their origins suggest sedimentary precursors subjected to intense
metamorphism. This layering indicates a complex geological history marked by sediment
deposition and tectonic activity. Geochemical analyses indicate that the quartzitic rocks
consist mainly of interlocking anhedral to subhedral quartz grains, characterized by a
granoblastic texture. Minor components include feldspar, muscovite, biotite, microcline, and
hornblende. The high silica content, often exceeding 90% SiO₂, underscores the quartz- dominated composition. Trace element analysis shows low concentrations of aluminum, iron, magnesium, and calcium, reflecting limited feldspar and mica presence. Distinctive features
of the quartz grains, such as undulose extinction and deformation bands, reveal significant
tectonic stress impacts throughout their history. Quartzofeldspathic veins observed in the
southern study area indicate past intrusive activity, while visible faults and joints highlight
geological stresses that have influenced erosion and alteration of the original formations. In
conclusion, the quartzitic rocks of Ado-Ekiti represent a transition from sedimentary to
metamorphic processes, reflecting the extensive geological events that shaped southwestern
Nigeria. Understanding these characteristics enhances knowledge of the region's geological
evolution and informs future exploration and resource management efforts. KEYWORDS: Geochemistry, quartzite, metamorphism, tectonic, precambrian
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