CHANGE AND CONTINUITY IN THE CALABAR CARNIVAL 2004-2022

ABSTARCT This study explores the dynamic evolution of the Calabar carnival festival, examining both the change and continuity that have shaped its development since its inception in 2004. As Africa’s biggest street party, the Calabar carnival holds significant cultural, economic, and social value in Nigeria and beyond. This research investigates how political influences, economic trends, globalization, and local creativity have contributed to changes in the Festival’s organization, themes, participation, and presentation over time. Simultaneously, the study identifies elements of the carnival that remained consistent, such as its cultural significance, traditional performances, and community involvement. However, many researchers are mostly drawn to document about the festival in its early years. The lack of research works on the changes in the celebration process of the carnival prompts this research work. Through a descriptive and narrative methods, including oral interviews, content analysis of past events, literature review and personal experience, the project aims to highlight the balance between innovation and tradition. The findings contribute to broader discussions on cultural preservation, modernization, and role of festivals in nation building and tourism promotion in Nigeria. The Cross River State government and stakeholders should formulate policies that will ensure the carnival remains financially sustainable and continue to promote both tourism and cultural diplomacy, even a midst socio-political or economic challenges.