CONSTRUCTION OF ELECTROPHORESIS MACHINE

ABSTRACT Electrophoresis is a widely utilized analytical technique for the separation and analysis of charged biomolecules, such as nucleic acids (DNA and RNA), proteins, and peptides. This project addresses the need for a cost-effective, robust, and customizable solution that can generate consistent high-voltage DC output. By utilizing components such as the SG2524 IC, MOSFET drivers, and transformers, the system is designed for efficiency and stability. The project provides a practical, scalable solution for laboratories, enhancing accessibility to electrophoresis technology. The electrophoresis setup is designed to provide a streamlined and efficient pathway for the separation of biomolecules, from sample loading to detection. The system’s ability to generate a stable high-voltage DC output makes it highly suitable for electrophoresis applications. The SG3524 IC proved effective in producing a reliable PWM signal, which was crucial for the subsequent amplification and rectification stages. The MOSFETs and transformer performed as expected. The PWM signal generated by the SG3524 IC exhibited stable parameters, including a 50Hz frequency and 50% duty cycle, ensuring efficient operation of the MOSFETs. The signal amplification and transformation stages performed as designed, with the MOSFET output achieving 216V AC, which was rectified to a stable 317 V DC. Load testing demonstrated excellent voltage regulation, with only a minor drop to 310 V DC under load conditions. Blood sample testing validated the system's ability to generate a sufficient electric field for electrophoresis, achieving clear macromolecule separation.