EFFECT OF ANGIOTENSIN II AND HESPERIDIN BIOACTIVITY ON CARDIAC – N – TERMINAL PRO – BNP IN FEMALE WISTAR RATS

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a major global health concern, with dyslipidaemia being a significant risk factor. Angiotensin II is a potent vasoconstrictor, that has been implicated in the development and progression of hypertension and cardiovascular disease. Elevated levels of N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) have been linked to cardiac dysfunction and remodeling. Hesperidin, a flavonoid, has been reported to possess antioxidant and cardio-protective properties. Therefore, this study seeks to evaluate The effect of Angiotensin II and Hesperidin Bioactivity on cardiac – N – Terminal pro – BNP in female wistar rats. A total of 30 female Wistar rats weighing between 120 – 170 mg/kg were used for this experiment. The animals were allowed to acclimatize for 4 weeks and they were selected randomly into 6 different groups with 6 rats in each group described as follows; Group 1: Control, rats were given feed and water only; Group 2: Angiotensin II, rats were given angiotensin II only (2 ml/kg); Group 3: Angiotensin II + Telmisartan, rats were given Angiotensin II (2 ml/kg) + Telmisartan (25 ml/kg); Group 4: Angiotensin II + Hesperidin, rats were given Angiotensin II (2 ml/kg) + Hesperidin (25 ml/kg); Group 5: Telmisartan, rat were given Telmisartan only (25 ml/kg), and Group 6: Hesperidin, rats were given Hesperidin (25 ml/kg). At the end of the 4-week experimental period, the rats were subjected to an overnight fast and anaesthetized. The anaesthetized animals were bled by cardiac puncture the tissue was harvested and homogenized. The whole blood was collected, allowed to be clotted and then centrifuged. The serum was carefully collected and thereafter stored at -20 oC. The result revealed that The serum NT – Pro – BNP in Angiotensin ii was statistically increased when compared with Control, Angiotensin ii + Hesperidin, Angiotensin ii + Telmisartan, Telmisartan and Hesperidin. Angiotensin ii + Telmisartan, Telmisartan and Hesperidin was not statistically different from the control. More so, the histological examination revealed normal heart histology characterized by well-defined myocardial fibers with intervening connective tissue, as seen in the control group. However, AT II administration resulted in various forms of severe myocardial infarction and cardiomyopathy. In contrast, the groups treated with hesperidin exhibited myocardial fibers with intervening connective tissue were appearing normal. In conclusion, the study’s findings revealed improvements in heart and histology highlighting hesperidin's potential as a therapeutic agent for mitigating toxic insults and preserving organ function.