CELLULAR EFFECTS OF LOW-DOSE MONOSODIUM GLUTAMATE ON CYTOARCHITECTURE OF THE CEREBELLUM IN ADULT FEMALE WISTAR RAT

ABSTRACT This study investigates the cellular effects of low-dose monosodium glutamate (MSG) on the cytoarchitecture of the cerebellum in adult female Wistar rats. MSG, a widely used flavor enhancer, has been associated with potential neurotoxic effects, particularly concerning glutamate signaling in the central nervous system. This research aimed to evaluate how low doses of MSG influence neuronal and glial cell structure and function in the cerebellum, a critical region for motor coordination and cognitive processes. Fifteen adult female Wistar rats were divided into three groups: a control group receiving saline and two experimental groups receiving low doses of MSG (30 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg) for 60 consecutive days. Histological techniques, including Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) and Cresyl Fast Violet staining, were employed to assess cellular integrity and glial activation. Results indicated that MSG exposure led to observable morphological alterations in cerebellar neurons characterized by signs of degeneration, including vacuolation and pyknotic nuclei. Glial cell proliferation was also noted, suggesting a reactive response to neuronal distress. While brain weights were not significantly different across groups, the histological findings underscore the potential for low-dose MSG to induce subtle yet concerning changes in cerebellar architecture. This study highlights the need for further investigation into the long-term effects of dietary MSG consumption, particularly concerning neurodevelopment and neurodegenerative risks. The findings contribute to the understanding of MSG's neurotoxic potential and its implications for public health.