GEOTECHNICAL RISK ASSESSMENT AND MITIGATION OF SOIL PROPERTIES IN PARTS OF MKPAT ENIN LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF AKWA IBOM STATE

This study examines geotechnical properties and risk assessment strategies for infrastructure projects in Mkpat Enin Local Government Area, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. Comprehensive laboratory tests, including sieve analysis, Atterberg limits, California Bearing Ratio (CBR), and moisture density relationship, were conducted on soil samples from three locations. Sieve analysis revealed well-graded soils across the sites, with sand content ranging from 50–65%, gravel content from 20–30%, and silt content from 5–20%. Atterberg limit tests indicated plastic limits between 22.0–24.3%, liquid limits between 29.6–34.0%, and plasticity indices of 6.1–10.8, classifying the soils as medium to low plasticity clays. CBR values varied from 46.3% to 54.3%, reflecting high soil strength and load-bearing capacity suitable for road sub-base and heavy construction applications. Maximum dry densities ranged from 2.20–2.49 g/cm³, with optimum moisture contents of 9.69–14.07%, ensuring favorable compaction characteristics. Geotechnical parameters such as particle size distribution (D10, D30, D60) and uniformity coefficients (Cu = 4.3–5.5) highlighted well-graded soils conducive for engineering use. The findings underscore the importance of thorough geotechnical investigations for risk assessment and mitigation. The study emphasizes site-specific strategies, including monitoring, drainage systems, and ground improvement techniques, to mitigate risks such as erosion, compressibility, and settlement. By integrating geotechnical data with advanced analysis, the research provides a framework for sustainable and resilient infrastructure development in the Niger Delta.