EXPLORING GEOGRAPHY INFORMATION SYSTEM ( G I S ) FOR MAPPING MINING SITE IN TARABA STATE

ABSTRACT This research focused on exploring the application of Geographic Information System (GIS) in mapping mining sites in Taraba State, Nigeria. The primary objectives were to identify and map mining locations, assess the environmental impacts of mining activities, and evaluate the role of GIS in monitoring and controlling mining operations. Data were collected using handheld Global Positioning System (GPS) devices to capture the coordinates of both abandoned and active mining sites, which were classified based on the types of mineral deposits. Analytical techniques such as density mapping, buffer analysis, drainage analysis, and elevation assessment were employed to estimate mineral distribution, determine communities and resources at risk, and highlight areas prone to flooding, erosion, and water pollution. Landsat imagery for 2025 was processed through supervised classification to map vegetation, farmland, water bodies, built-up areas, and mountainous regions, while overlay analysis produced a vulnerability map of the 58,815 km² study area. Findings revealed that 29,539 km² fell under highly vulnerable zones, 1,294 km² under vulnerable zones, 9,565 km² under less vulnerable zones, and 1,207 km² as not vulnerable. The study concluded that mining in Taraba State poses significant environmental challenges including deforestation, soil degradation, flooding, and water contamination, but demonstrated that GIS is a powerful tool for effective mapping, monitoring, and management of mining operations. The research recommends the adoption of GIS-based systems for sustainable mining practices, stronger environmental regulations, and protection of water resources, community involvement, and rehabilitation of abandoned mining sites.