EXAMINING THE IMPACT OF TECHNOLOGY ON CRIMINAL INVESTIGATIONS IN NIGERIA

The utilization of technology in criminal investigations is essential for modern law enforcement, but in Nigeria, various instances have shown that technological advancements have not always guaranteed effective criminal investigation outcomes. There have been questions regarding its efficient utilization, regulation and challenges in criminal investigations. This research examines the impact of technology on criminal investigations in Nigeria. The study was set to examine the legal and regulatory framework governing technology in criminal investigations in Nigeria, the extent of usage, effectiveness, challenges and prospects of the technologies aiding criminal investigations in Nigeria. The doctrinal research method was adopted for the study. The study found that technologies have the tendency to provide improved evidence gathering, speed and efficiency in case resolution, enhanced prosecution of cybercrime, and in some instances impedes human rights and procedural fairness. The study found that despite the fact that technological tools are increasingly used, their integration into the investigative process remains limited to high profile cases. The study found that the Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria, the Administration of Criminal Justice Act, Cybercrimes (Prohibition, Prevention, Etc) Act 2015, and the Evidence Act 2011 (as amended) provide basis for digital investigations and admissibility of electronic evidence, yet gaps persists in terms of clear regulations, judicial interpretation and procedural safeguards. The study discovered institutional and operational challenges limiting the effectiveness of technology in criminal investigations, which include inadequate infrastructure, limited funding, poor inter-agency cooperation, and a lack of trained personnelThe study recommends that the government should review the Evidence Act and Cybercrimes Act to introduce clearer provisions on admissibility standards, data integrity, and protection of suspects' rights. There is a need to provide funding for modern forensic laboratories across all geopolitical zones. The government should also properly ensure effective training of investigators, prosecutors, and judges in digital forensics, cybercrime investigation, and the ethical use of technology.Despite the setbacks, the study concludes that digital transformation initiatives, increase public demand for accountability, international collaborations indicate strong prospects for improving the use of technology in Nigeria’s criminal justice system.