A HISTORY OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM IN ORON, 1958-1968

ABSTRACT This study examines the historical development of the National Museum in Oron between 1958 and 1968, with particular emphasis on its origin, purpose, and challenges. The museum was established primarily to preserve the cultural heritage of the Oron people, especially the revered Ekpu ancestral figures, which were traditionally housed in shrines. With the widespread conversion of the local population to Christianity, many of these shrines were abandoned, leading to the deterioration of the Ekpu carvings due to environmental exposure and neglect. The interest in preserving these cultural artifacts was first demonstrated by Kenneth Murray in 1938, when he encountered the deteriorating figures. His efforts included the restoration of some shrines and the provision of temporary storage facilities for the carvings. These initiatives eventually culminated in the establishment of a formal museum in 1958, which became operational in 1959. However, the Nigerian Civil War between 1967 and 1968 had a devastating impact on the museum. During this period, several artifacts were looted, destroyed, or displaced. Despite these challenges, the National Museum in Oron has remained an important institution, serving not only as a repository of Oron cultural heritage but also as a significant center for national historical preservation. This research adopts a narrative and analytical approach to investigate the factors that led to the establishment of the museum, the cultural significance of the Ekpu carvings, and the roles played by key individuals such as Kenneth Murray and Oron traditional authorities. It also evaluates the shortcomings in museum management and maintenance, highlighting areas that require improvement for sustainable preservation.