APPLICATION OF TITANIUM DIOXIDE NANO PARTICLES FOR DIALYSIS WATER TREATMENT

Water treatment is a critical process of dialysis that ensures the removal of impurities and contaminants from the water used for dialysis. The use to nanoparticles to evaluate the effectiveness of the removal of contaminants from dialysis water, improve the quality of dialysis water, enhance the safety and efficiency of dialysis water treatment . In this study, the use of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles for the treatment of dialysis water was investigated. Treated water samples were collected from three renal centres within Oyo and Kwara States. Tap water and the treated water samples were analyzed for their pH. TiO2 nanoparticles were synthesized via the sol-gel method which includes sol-gel synthesis of titania, aging and decantation, preparation of titania silica, tablet formation and sintering, furnace treatment of tablet formation, and final filter composition, which involves the hydrolysis of titanium Isopropoxide in the presence of a catalyst. The resulting sol was cast onto a glass substrate and heat-treated to obtain a TiO2 thin film. The structure and morphology of the TiO2 thin film were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and for heavy metallic removal. The photocatalytic activity of the TiO2 thin film was evaluated for the degradation of organic pollutants in dialysis water. The pH of the water samples, BTH, LTH, UTH, TP, before and after nanoparticle water treatment are 6.9, 7.3, 7.6, 8.2 and 6.1, 6.5, 6.9, 7.4 respectively. The absorbance spectrum dioxide nanoparticles gave UV range (250-350 nm) with a sharp decline 350 nm. The metallic concentration (ppm) of the water samples BTH, LTH, UTH and TP before and after nanoparticle water treatment for Calcium (Ca), Magnesium (Mg), Aluminium (Al) and Lead (Pb) are 0.236, 1.245, 0.684, 0.311, 0.537, 1.826, 1.024, 0.336, 1.299, 2.735, 0.802, 0.538,1.479, 2.386, 1.038, 0.361 and 0.236, 1.245, 0.684, 0.311, 0.196, 1.169, 0.552, 0.743, 0.210, 0.898, 1.750, 0.729, 0.664 respectively. The CFU values of the water samples BTH, LTH, UTH and TP before and after nanoparticle water treatment are 45.63, 40.18, 54.12, 60.20, and 9.65, 8.96, 10.65, 15.89 respectively. The EU values of the water samples BTH, LTH, UTH and TP before and after nanoparticle water treatment are 1.07, 2.5, 1.97, 3.95 and 0.15, 0.41, 0.26, 1.5 respectively. Furthermore,while the titanium dioxide nanoparticle treatment shows significant promise for improving water quality, the increased endotoxin levels and the presence of UV- absorbing compounds necessitate a careful reevaluation of the treatment process. Continuous monitoring and optimization will be crucial to ensure that the treated water consistently meets stringent safety standards for dialysis applications.