HISTOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF ETHANOL LEAF EXTRACT OF ANNONA MURICATA ON THE PANCREAS OF ALLOXAN-INDUCED DIABETIC RATS
Abstract
This study investigated the histological effects of ethanol leaf extract of Annona muricata on
the pancreas of alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Fresh leaves were collected, identified, processed,
and extracted using 80% ethanol. Thirty-six male Wistar rats were divided into six groups:
normal control, diabetic control, standard drug (glibenclamide), and three groups treated with
different extract doses (250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg). Diabetes was induced with alloxan (130
mg/kg), followed by two weeks of treatment. Blood glucose, body weight, pancreatic enzyme
activity, and histological changes were evaluated. Phytochemical analysis revealed abundant
flavonoids including myricetin, genistein, maricetin, isorhamnetin, and hesperidin. Acute
toxicity tests showed no lethality up to 5000 mg/kg. The extract significantly (p < 0.05) reduced
blood glucose and improved body weight, though no significant changes were observed in
pancreatic enzyme activity. Histological evaluation showed marked regeneration of pancreatic
β-cells in extract-treated groups, particularly at higher doses, compared to destruction in the
diabetic control. These findings suggest that A. muricata leaf extract exhibits antidiabetic
potential and promotes pancreatic β-cell regeneration.
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