ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF SEPTIC TANK EFFLUENTS ON GROUNDWATER QUALITY IN DAMATURU
Abstract
This study investigates the environmental impact of septic tank effluents on groundwater quality in selected communities of Damaturu Local Government Area, Yobe State, Nigeria. With increasing urbanization and reliance on septic systems, concerns about groundwater contamination and public health risks have become prominent. The research assessed physicochemical parameters of groundwater and soil properties around septic tanks to evaluate contamination levels and influencing factors. Water and soil samples were collected from sites in communities such as Pompomari, Buhari Estate, and Nayi-Nawa. Laboratory analysis revealed that groundwater in the study area exhibited Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) levels exceeding WHO permissible limits, indicating organic pollution. pH values were also below the recommended range, suggesting acidic conditions that could enhance contaminant mobility. Soil analysis indicated varying textures, permeabilities, and adsorption capacities, influencing effluent migration and natural attenuation. The study concludes that septic tank systems significantly contribute to groundwater degradation in Damaturu, posing potential health risks to dependent communities. It highlights the need for improved septic tank management, stricter regulatory enforcement, and public awareness campaigns. Recommendations include the adoption of sustainable wastewater treatment frameworks, regular monitoring, and policy enhancements to mitigate environmental and health impacts.
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