AN ASSESSMENT ON THE CAUSES OF MARITAL INSTABIILITY AMONG HAUSA / FULANI IN MAKAMA WARD OF BAUCHI STATE.

ABSTACT This study explores the causes of marital instability among the Hausa/Fulani community in Makama Ward, Bauchi, Nigeria. Marital instability has become a rising social issue in Northern Nigeria, often resulting in increased divorce rates, psychological distress, and adverse effects on children and the community at large. The research seeks to identify the root causes of this instability and assess how cultural, socio-economic, and interpersonal factors contribute to the breakdown of marriages in the area. This research contributes to understanding marital dynamics in Hausa/Fulani communities and provides insight for policymakers, religious leaders, and social workers aiming to promote stable family systems. A descriptive survey design was adopted, and data was collected using structured questionnaires administered to 150 respondents, including married individuals, divorcees, and community elders. The findings reveal that early and forced marriages, deeply rooted in cultural and religious traditions, significantly contribute to marital instability. Polygyny, while culturally accepted, was also reported as a major source of conflict, especially when not managed equitably. Economic hardship, lack of education and empowerment, and unemployment were identified as major socio-economic drivers of marital breakdown. Additionally, the influence of extended family members, infertility, and poor communication between spouses further worsened marital relationships. The study highlights that marital instability not only affects the couple but also leads to psychological trauma, domestic violence, financial hardship, and negative outcomes for children. Based on the findings, the study recommends public enlightenment on the importance of mutual understanding in marriage, girl-child education, premarital counseling, and poverty alleviation programs to reduce economic pressures on families. Keywords: Marital instability, Makama Ward, Bauchi State.