EXTRACTION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF AZADIRACHTA INDICA (NEEM SEED OIL)
Abstract
This study investigated the oil yield, physicochemical properties, and phytochemical composition of Neem (Azadirachtaindica) seed oil with the aim of assessing its suitability for industrial and medicinal applications. The oil yield obtained (30–45%) was within the reported range for Neem seeds, highlighting its potential as a reliable raw material for oil production. Physicochemical analysis revealed a specific gravity of 0.91, an iodine value indicative of moderate unsaturation, and a high saponification value, confirming the presence of medium-chain fatty acids suitable for soap and cosmetic production. The peroxide value was relatively low, suggesting good oxidative stability and extended shelf life, while the acid value fell within acceptable limits, indicating minimal free fatty acid content and high-quality oil. Phytochemical screening further confirmed the presence of bioactive compounds such as azadirachtin, nimbin, and salannin, which are linked to antimicrobial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, and insecticidal properties. These findings validate the traditional use of Neem oil in medicine and agriculture and underscore its broad potential for industrial, nutritional, and pharmaceutical applications.
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