ANTIMICROBIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY PATTERN OF GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIA ISOLATED FROM URINE OF STUDENTS AMONG BENUE STATE UNIVERSITY, MAKURDI
Abstract
Urinary tract infections (UTI) affect all age groups which have serious impact on the socioeconomic life of the individual, the society and also account for a large proportion of antibacterial drug consumption. This study investigated the prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of gram-negative bacteria isolated from urine of students among Benue State University, Makurdi. A total of 100 urine samples of students were collected and examined using standard microbiological methods. Results revealed the occurrence of urinary pathogens of the sample examined; Escherichia coli was the most occurring pathogen; 20 (44.44 %), followed by Proteus sp. and Pseudomonas sp. which had the occurrence of 10 (22.22 %) each and Klebsiella sp. had the least occurrence of 5(11.11 %). The highest rate of infection was observed in students between the age 26-30 years (58.33 %), followed by 31-35 years; (50.00 %), 18-20 years; (48.72 %) and the least was observed from student between the age of 21-25 years (36.59 %). It was observed that female students have the highest rate of infection (58.62 %) as compare to male (26.19 %). Out of the 20 isolate of E. coli examined from this study, 14 (70.00 %) were susceptible each to Ciproflox and sparfloxacin respectively, Erythromycin was 11 (55.00 %), Nitrofurantoin 13 (65.00 %), Amoxicillin and Ampicillin were 15 (75.00 %) each that were susceptible to E. coli respectively. A total of 10 isolates of Proteus sp. and Pseudomonas sp. each were also examined and each these bacteria were resistant to Ciproflox and Ampicillin 2 (20.00 %) each and Nitrofuratoin 3(30.00 %). Proteus sp. was highly susceptible sparfloxacin 9 (90.00 %), Amoxicillin 8 (80.00 %) and Erythromycin 7 (70.00 %). Pseudomonas sp. was susceptible to Amoxicillin 6(60.00 %) but resistant to Erythromycin 1(10.00), Ciproflox 3(30.00 %), Ampicillin 4 (40.00 %) and sparfloxacin 2 (20.00 %). A total of 5 isolates of Klebsiella sp. subjected to antibiotics and were resistant to some of the antibiotics; Ciproflox, Erthromycin and Ampicillin 2(40.00 %) respectively, while it was susceptible to Amoxicillin 3(60.00 %) and Sparfloxacin 4(80.00 %). Susceptibility pattern of gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Proteus sp. Pseudomonas sp. and Klebsiella sp.) isolated from the urine sample of students of Benue State University was highly observed in this study. strict Infection prevention and control (IPC) protocols must be in place to prevent the spread of multidrug resistant pathogens in the study area.
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