ANTIBIOTICS RESISTANCE AND PLASMID PROFILE OF BACTERIA ISOLATES FROM TOILET BOWL IN EDSU

The invention of flush toilets over 150 years ago had a major impact on toilet waste disposal within the household. Swab samples were taken from 10 toilet seats within the hostels of Edo State University Uzairue, Edo state. To determine the antibiotics resistance and plasmid profile of bacteria isolates from toilet bowl in EDSU. Morphological, physiological and biochemical analysis were performed under an aseptic environment. Microbial sensitivity test and Penicillin-Binding Protein Gene Amplification and Sequencing were showed the resistant and susceptibility state of the isolates. Susceptibility pattern of Gram-negative bacteria showed that all of the isolates were sensitive to nitrofurantoin. The rest of isolates were sensitive to ciprofloxacin, Cefotaxime, amoxicilin-clavulinic acid, gentamicin, nalidixic acid, cotrimoxazole, and ampicillin. Also PBP were present in the bacteria isolates. These bacteria can be isolated from urine, faeces, water and soil contaminated by faecal pollution. These bacteria can also act as opportunistic pathogens when found in greater number than normal or when in contact with a part of the human body that is not their normal habitat. It is therefore important that after using the toilet, hands should be thoroughly washed with soap and clean water for proper hygiene after which alcohol based sanitizers could be used. Where there is no clean water hand sanitizers are preferably used alone.