FOOD WASTE: CAUSES, CONSEQUENCES, AND STRATEGIES FOR PREVENTION

Food waste is a critical global issue with significant environmental, economic, and social implications. This research aims to explore the multifaceted causes, impacts, and solutions associated with food waste, drawing on both theoretical frameworks and empirical data. Through the lens of Systems Theory, Behavioral Economics, and Supply Chain Management Theory, this study examines how different factors contribute to food waste across various stages of the supply chain, from production to consumption. The research identifies key differences in the drivers of food waste between developed and developing countries. In developing regions, inadequate infrastructure, limited access to technology, and financial constraints are major contributors to post-harvest and processing losses. Conversely, in developed countries, consumer behavior, over-purchasing, and food service sector inefficiencies are primary causes. The environmental impacts of food waste, including greenhouse gas emissions, resource depletion, and biodiversity loss, are discussed alongside its economic and social consequences, such as financial losses and ethical concerns related to food insecurity. The study also explores various mitigation strategies, including improved logistics, enhanced storage systems, and circular economy approaches, as well as policy interventions aimed at reducing waste. Emerging trends, such as the use of Internet of Things (IoT) technology, data-driven supply chain management, and behavioral nudges, are examined for their potential to enhance food waste reduction efforts. By integrating diverse theoretical perspectives and empirical insights, this research provides a comprehensive understanding of food waste and offers actionable recommendations for stakeholders, including policymakers.