EFFECT OF FIRAQ AMONG THE MUSLIM UMMAH (A CASE STUDY OF DAMBAM LOCAL GOVERNMENT)

This research focused on the effect of Firaq among the muslim Ummah and entification of fungal flora associated with mango fruits sold in Kashere Main Market, Gombe State, Nigeria. Mango (Mangifera indica) is an economically important fruit consumed widely for its nutritional and health benefits. However, due to poor handling, storage, and environmental conditions, mango fruits are highly susceptible to fungal contamination, which compromises quality, safety, and market value. A total of fresh and spoilt mango fruit samples were collected randomly from Kashere market and subjected to microbiological analysis. Standard isolation techniques using Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) were employed, followed by morphological and microscopic characterization of fungal isolates. The findings revealed the presence of fungi such as Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Fusarium spp., Penicillium spp., and Rhizopus stolonifer. Among these, Aspergillus niger and Rhizopus stolonifer showed the highest frequency of occurrence. The study concluded that mango fruits sold in Kashere market harbor diverse fungal contaminants, which pose risks to consumer health and contribute to post-harvest losses. It is therefore recommended that proper hygienic practices, improved storage facilities, and awareness campaigns be adopted to minimize fungal contamination and ensure fruit safety.