INVESTIGATING THE IMPACT OF GEOMETRIC SHAPE AND CONFIGURATION OF STEEL TRUSSES

This study investigates the impact of geometric shape and configuration on the structural performance of steel trusses, with emphasis on strength, stability, and serviceability. The research focuses on two widely used truss systems: the Pratt and Howe configurations, modelled and analysed using SAP2000 structural analysis software in line with the provisions of Eurocode 3. The trusses were designed with equal spans along the X-axis of 4 m between grids A to G, a rise of 1 m on the Y-axis, and a span of 4 m on the Z-axis, creating a consistent framework for performance comparison. The numerical modelling process involved defining material properties, assigning cross-sectional dimensions, and applying loads in accordance with standard design codes. The analysis evaluated critical structural performance parameters such as axial forces in members, load distribution, deflection under varying load conditions, and the redundancy of members. Figures generated from the SAP2000 outputs, particularly the virtual work diagrams, revealed the distribution of redundancies across truss members. For the Howe truss (Figure 5), the range of redundancy values spanned from 7 to 98, with the highly redundant members reaching 98, indicating more members sharing the load but also suggesting possible inefficiencies in material usage. Conversely, the Pratt truss (Figure 6) exhibited a more uniform load transfer with lower redundancy values, highlighting its efficiency in material distribution while maintaining strength and stability. The comparative results demonstrate that while the Howe truss provides greater redundancy, offering additional safety in case of localized failures, it may lead to higher material consumption. On the other hand, the Pratt truss displays superior efficiency in terms of material utilization, reduced redundancy, and effective load distribution, making it a more economical option for structural design without compromising structural integrity. The findings underscore the significant influence of geometric configuration on truss performance and provide a rational basis for selecting truss geometries in practical engineering applications. The study concludes by recommending the adoption of truss configurations that balance structural redundancy with material efficiency, depending on the specific demands of the project. In applications where cost-effectiveness and material optimization are critical, the Pratt truss is preferable, whereas the Howe truss may be more suitable for projects requiring enhanced redundancy and robustness. Ultimately, this research contributes to the understanding of how geometric parameters influence the performance of trusses and offers valuable guidance for engineers in the design and selection of optimal steel truss systems.