INCIDENCE OF GRAM-POSITIVE BACTERIA IN OKUNMO BYPASS, ERINJE LESI, OBON IDEPE STREAM IN OKITIPUPA LOCAL GOVERNMENT

Access to safe drinking water remains a significant public health challenge in many rural communities in Nigeria. This study investigated the incidence of Gram-positive bacteria in drinking water collected from three stream sources: Erinje Bypass, Erinje Lesi, and Obon Idepe in selected rural communities in Okitipupa Local Government Area, Ondo State. Water samples were obtained using sterile techniques and analyzed microbiologically using standard culture and biochemical methods. The results revealed the presence of Micrococcus luteus, a Gram-positive coccus, in 100% of the samples collected from the Erinje Bypass stream. Biochemical characterization confirmed the organism’s identity based on catalase positivity, oxidase activity, and fermentation profiles. The physicochemical analysis of the water samples showed pH values ranging from 4.9 to 5.3, temperatures around 32°C, electrical conductivity between 0.18 to 0.63 μS/cm, and total dissolved solids (TDS) from 0.00 to 0.30 mg/L. These values suggest conditions favorable for microbial survival and activity, particularly in unprotected surface waters. Although not a primary pathogen, Micrococcus luteus is an opportunistic organism and a potential indicator of poor sanitary conditions. Other organisms detected included Escherichia coli and Acinetobacter baumannii, further indicating fecal and environmental contamination. These findings highlight the microbial and physicochemical vulnerability of surface water sources relied upon for domestic use in rural areas and the associated health risks. The study recommends improved sanitation, regular microbial monitoring, and low-cost water treatment strategies such as boiling and chlorination to safeguard public health and support Sustainable Development.