PERCEPTION, KNOWLEDGE OF AND FACTORS AFFECTING LEADERSHIP STYLES AMONGST HEALTH WORKERS IN PRIMARY HEALTH CARE CENTERS IN BENIN, EDO STATE
Abstract
BACKGROUND; Leadership is a vital component in management of healthcare organizations. Our study carried out research on the Democratic, Autocratic, Laissez-faire, Transactional, and Transformational leadership styles. There is limited research exploring relationship of leadership styles among health workers in resource-limited settings such as Nigeria.
OBJECTIVES; The objective of this study was to assess knowledge, perception and factors affecting leadership styles amongst healthcare workers in primary healthcare in Benin city, Edo state.
METHODOLOGY; A descriptive cross-sectional study was used in this study. A total of one hundred and seventy-eight (178) healthcare workers were recruited for this study, data was collected using self-administered, semi structured questionnaires, using a multistage sampling technique to elicit socio-demographic information, knowledge, perception of leadership styles and factor affecting leadership style in healthcare settings. The data was analyzed using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) software version 23 (SPSS Inc, Chicago, USA) and the results were presented in form of numerical presentations. Statistical significance of difference test like chi-square test was used to test the association between variables.
RESULTS; The result of the study showed majority 77 (43.3%) of the respondents were Nurses. Respondents who had 0-3 years of experience made up about 77 (43.3%) of the total population of respondents. Amongst the respondent, (171) know of Democratic leadership style compared to transformational (50), transactional (63), autocratic (137) and laissez-faire (103) leadership styles. 110 (61.8%) of respondents were satisfied and very satisfied with the leadership style practiced in their health care centers. There was a statically significant association between Age (p-value=0.016), Sex(p-value=0.010) religion (p-value=0.044), ethnicity(p-value=0.000), marital status (p-value=0.000), years of experience(p-value=0.000) and knowledge of leadership styles. There was a statically significant association between Age (p-value=0.016), Sex(p-value=0.010) religion (p-value=0.044), ethnicity(p-value=0.000), marital status (p-value=0.000), professional role (p-value=0.000), years of experience(p-value=0.000) and perception of leadership styles. There was a statically significant association between knowledge of leadership styles and perception of leadership styles (p-value=0.000).
CONCLUSION; Good knowledge and perception of leadership styles was demonstrated and as well patient load was the major factor affecting leadership styles.
KEYWORDS: leadership styles, democratic leadership, autocratic leadership, transformational leadership, transactional leadership, laissez-faire leadership, satisfaction, knowledge, factors,
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