EFFECT OF DONEPEZIL/METFORMIN COMBINATION ON RENAL APOPTOTIC MARKERS IN HIGH-FAT DIET/STREPTOZOTOCIN-INDUCED DIABETES IN MALE WISTAR RATS
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a complex metabolic disorder that often leads to complications such as dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, and kidney dysfunction. Although metformin is an established drug in the management of diabetes, it does not effectively restores diabetes-induced renal injury alone. On the other hand, Donepezil has been reported to exert cellular protection in several organs. However, the effect of Metformin/Donepezil combination on diabetes-induced renal injury has not been explored. Thus, this study investigated the effects of Metformin/ Donepezil combination on metabolic and renal parameters in high-fat diet/streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Forty adult male Wistar rats were randomized into five groups: the control group that received normal saline, diabetic group that had high-fat diet and only, Metformin-treated diabetic group, Donepezil-treated diabetic group, and Metformin/Donepezil-treated diabetic group. All interventions were orally for six weeks following diabetes induction. Key outcomes measured included body weight, fasting glucose, lipid profile, atherogenic ratios, insulin, insulin sensitivity indices, kidney function markers (urea, BUN, creatinine), and apoptosis-related parameters (DNA fragmentation index, caspase 3, cytochrome c).
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