BACTERIOLOGICAL QUALITY ASSESSMENT OF SELECTED BOREHOLE WATER IN GADAU VILLAGE, ITAS-GADAU LGA, BAUCHI STATE
Abstract
ABSTRACT
This study assessed the bacteriological and physico-chemical quality of selected borehole water samples in Gadau village, Itas-Gadau Local Government Area, Bauchi State. A total of ten borehole samples were collected and analyzed using standard methods. The physico-chemical parameters measured included temperature, pH, turbidity, transmittance, and absorbance, while bacteriological analyses comprised total bacterial load, total coliform count, and identification of bacterial isolates. The physico-chemical results showed that most parameters were within the World Health Organization (WHO, 2017) limits, except for slightly elevated temperatures in three samples (31.2–32.1 °C) and marginal acidity in one borehole (pH 6.3). Turbidity values (0.9–4.5 NTU) were below the permissible limit of 5 NTU, while transmittance (86–95%) and absorbance (0.05–0.14) were within acceptable standards, indicating good optical clarity. Bacteriological analyses revealed more critical concerns. Total bacterial load ranged from 0.1 × 10² to 6.0 × 10² CFU/mL, with four boreholes (40%) exceeding the WHO limit of 1.0 × 10² CFU/mL. Total coliform counts ranged from 0 to 8 MPN/100 mL, with only two boreholes free of coliforms, while the remaining 80% exceeded the NAFDAC limit (
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